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outer circumference

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1 outer circumference

Техника: наружная окружность

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > outer circumference
2 Lombe, John

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

b. c. 1693 probably Norwich, England

d. 20 November 1722 Derby, England

[br]

English creator of the first successful powered textile mill in Britain.

[br]

John Lombe's father, Henry Lombe, was a worsted weaver who married twice. John was the second son of the second marriage and was still a baby when his father died in 1695. John, a native of the Eastern Counties, was apprenticed to a trade and employed by Thomas Cotchett in the erection of Cotchett's silk mill at Derby, which soon failed however. Lombe went to Italy, or was sent there by his elder half-brother, Thomas, to discover the secrets of their throwing machinery while employed in a silk mill in Piedmont. He returned to England in 1716 or 1717, bringing with him two expert Italian workmen.

Thomas Lombe was a prosperous London merchant who financed the construction of a new water-powered silk mill at Derby which is said to have cost over £30,000. John arranged with the town Corporation for the lease of the island in the River Derwent, where Cotchett had erected his mill. During the four years of its construction, John first set up the throwing machines in other parts of the town. The machines were driven manually there, and their product helped to defray the costs of the mill. The silk-throwing machine was very complex. The water wheel powered a horizontal shaft that was under the floor and on which were placed gearwheels to drive vertical shafts upwards through the different floors. The throwing machines were circular, with the vertical shafts running through the middle. The doubled silk threads had previously been wound on bobbins which were placed on spindles with wire flyers at intervals around the outer circumference of the machine. The bobbins were free to rotate on the spindles while the spindles and flyers were driven by the periphery of a horizontal wheel fixed to the vertical shaft. Another horizontal wheel set a little above the first turned the starwheels, to which were attached reels for winding the silk off the bobbins below. Three or four sets of these spindles and reels were placed above each other on the same driving shaft. The machine was very complicated for the time and must have been expensive to build and maintain.

John lived just long enough to see the mill in operation, for he died in 1722 after a painful illness said to have been the result of poison administered by an Italian woman in revenge for his having stolen the invention and for the injury he was causing the Italian trade. The funeral was said to have been the most superb ever known in Derby.

[br]

Further Reading

Samuel Smiles, 1890, Men of Invention and Industry, London (probably the only biography of John Lombe).

Rhys Jenkins, 1933–4, "Historical notes on some Derbyshire industries", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 14 (provides an acount of John Lombe and his part in the enterprise at Derby).

R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (briefly covers the development of early silk-throwing mills).

W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (includes a chapter on "Lombe's Silk Machine").

P.Barlow, 1836, Treatise of Manufactures and Machinery of Great Britain, London (describes Lombe's mill and machinery, but it is not known how accurate the account may be).

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Lombe, John
3 periphery

noun

1) see academic.ru/13031/circumference">circumference

2) (external boundary) Begrenzung, die; (of surface) Außenfläche, die

3) (outer region) Peripherie, die (geh.); Rand, der

* * *
[pə'rifəri]
noun

((usually in singular with the) the edge (of something): The shops are on the periphery of the housing estate.) der Rand

- peripheral

* * *

pe·riph·ery

[pəˈrɪf^əri, AM -ˈrɪfɚi]

n usu sing Rand m; of a town, an area Peripherie f

on the \periphery of society am Rand der Gesellschaft

on the \periphery of one's vision am Rand des Blickfelds

* * *
[pə'rIfərɪ]
n
Peripherie f
young people on the periphery of society — junge Menschen am Rande der Gesellschaft

* * *

periphery [-ərı] s Peripherie f, fig auch Rand m, Grenze f:

on the periphery of the town am Stadtrand

* * *

noun

1) see circumference

2) (external boundary) Begrenzung, die; (of surface) Außenfläche, die

3) (outer region) Peripherie, die (geh.); Rand, der

* * *

n.

Umfang -¨e m.

English-german dictionary > periphery
4 outside

1. n наружная часть или сторона; внешняя поверхность

the outside of the house was painted a light yellow — с наружной стороны дом был окрашен в светло-жёлтый цвет

the outside of an omnibus — империал автобуса

he locked the door on the outside — он запер дверь снаружи

wait on the outside — подожди за дверью

outside circulation — внешняя циркуляция

outside planking — наружный слой обшивки

outside brushing — наружная мойка щетками

outside plater — сборщик наружной обшивки

outside financing — внешнее финансирование

2. n внешний мир

impressions from the outside — впечатления внешнего мира

outside loop — внешний цикл

outside world — внешний мир

outside dump — внешний отвал

outside audit — внешний аудит

outside page — внешняя страница

3. n внешность; наружность

his outside is rough, but he is good at heart — у него грубая внешность, но он добрый человек

4. n наружные листы

outside lap — наружная перекрывающая кромка

outside washing — мойка наружной поверхности

outside cable — кабель для наружной прокладки

outside chaser — гребенка для наружной резьбы

outside storage tank — наружный бак-хранилище

5. n пассажир империала

there were only fifty people there at the outside — там было не более пятидесяти человек

6. a наружный, внешний

outside diameter — наружный диаметр

outside edge — наружное ребро

the outside leaves — наружные листья

outside room — комната с окнами на улицу

outside lane — внешняя дорожка

on the outside — на внешней стороне

outside shareholder — внешний акционер

outside circumference — наружная окружность

outside power unit — внешний источник питания

outside architrave — наружный оконный наличник

7. a находящийся или происходящий на улице, вне дома

outside repairs — наружный ремонт

outside measurements — внешние размеры

outside work — работа на воздухе

just outside — вне

outside intervention — вмешательство извне

outside of his control — вне зоны его влияния

outside of our control — вне зоны нашего влияния

outside the pale of the church — вне лона церкви

8. a внешний, посторонний

the outside world — внешний мир

outside interference — постороннее вмешательство

outside help — помощь извне

outside interests — посторонние интересы

outside aerial — внешняя антенна

outside vendor — внешний поставщик

outside weld — внешний сварной шов

outside traffic lane — внешняя полоса движения

outside procurement control — внешний контроль поставок

9. a внеклассный, внеаудиторный

outside reading — внеклассное чтение

10. a разг. крайний, предельный

outside price — крайняя цена

outside figure — предельная цифра

outside heading — крайний штрек

at the outside — в крайнем случае

outside left — левый крайний нападающий

outside right — правый крайний нападающий

11. a амер. незначительный, ничтожный

an outside chance to win — ничтожный шанс на победу

12. a проходящий большее расстояние

the right-hand wheels are the outside wheels in a turn to the left — правые колёса при повороте налево проходят больший путь, чем левые

13. adv с наружной стороны, снаружи

to ride outside — ехать на империале

the house was painted green outside — снаружи дом был покрашен в зелёный цвет

they could see everything that took place outside — им было видно всё, что делалось на улице

it was cool outside — на улице было прохладно

the taxi is outside — такси ждёт

from outside — снаружи

outside grip — хват снаружи

outside grasp — хват снаружи

outside air — наружный воздух

outside door — наружная дверь

14. adv мор. в открытом море

to turn outside in — вывернуть наизнанку

outside space — открытый космос

outside storage — хранение на открытых площадках

outside of your control — вне зоны вашего влияния

15. prep вне; за

there was a crowd outside the window — за окном была толпа

outside the city limits — за пределами города

he is known far outside his own country — он известен далеко за пределами своей родины

about 300 yards outside Liverpool street — приблизительно в 300 ярдах от Ливерпульской улицы

it is outside his duties — это не входит в его обязанности

they are outside my circle of friends — они не относятся к числу моих друзей

the question at the examination was quite outside the lectures — вопрос, заданный на экзамене, совершенно не освещался в лекциях

that is outside the question — это к делу не относится

outside indicator — индикатор, находящийся вне титруемой жидкости

16. prep за, из

he went outside the house — он вышел из дому

17. prep кроме, за исключением

outside him, none of us liked the play — пьеса не понравилась никому, кроме него

outside of — кроме, за исключением

Синонимический ряд:

1. alien (adj.) alien; foreign; unfamiliar

2. distant (adj.) distant; faint; negligible; off; remote; slender; slight; slim; small

3. farthest (adj.) apart from; away from; extreme; farther; farthest; outermost

4. maximum (adj.) maximal; maximum; top; topmost; utmost

5. outdoor (adj.) alfresco; hypaethral; open-air; outdoor; out-of-door

6. outer (adj.) covering; exterior; external; outer; outward; over; surface

7. edge (noun) border; boundary; bounds; edge; end; outline

8. exterior (noun) cover; covering; exterior; facade; face; sheath; skin; surface; topside

9. outdoors (noun) open; open air; outdoors; out-of-doors; without

10. outdoors (other) out; out of doors; outdoors; withoutdoors

11. outward (other) outward; outwards; without

Антонимический ряд:

center; familiar; indoors; inside; interior

English-Russian base dictionary > outside

См. также в других словарях:

circumference — circumference, perimeter, periphery, circuit, compass are comparable because all in their basic senses denote a continuous line enclosing an area or space. They differ, however, in the extent to which they retain this meaning and in the number… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
Outer Hebrides — Eilean Siar and Western Isles redirect here. The term Na h Eileanan Siar (Western Isles), which redirects here, can also refer to the whole of the Hebrides. For the Scottish Parliament constituency, see Western Isles (Scottish Parliament… … Wikipedia
Outer space — For other uses, see Outer space (disambiguation). The boundaries between the Earth s surface and outer space, at the Kármán line, 100 km (62 mi) and exosphere at 690 km (430 mi). Not to scale Outer space is the void that exists beyond any… … Wikipedia
Outer Harbor railway station — Outer Harbor Railways in Adelaide List of Railway Stations … Wikipedia
Outer Harbor railway station, Adelaide — TransAdelaide colour=#a100ff station name=Outer Harbor line=Outer Harbor street=Oliver Rogers Road suburb=North Haven distance=21.9 access=Level Pedestrian Crossing HFS=No peakfreq=Every 20 30 Mins wdfreq=Every 30 Mins wefreq=Every 60 Mins… … Wikipedia
circumference — /seuhr kum feuhr euhns/, n. 1. the outer boundary, esp. of a circular area; perimeter: the circumference of a circle. 2. the length of such a boundary: a one mile circumference. 3. the area within a bounding line: the vast circumference of his… … Universalium
circumference — Synonyms and related words: O, ambit, annular muscle, annulus, areola, aureole, border, boundaries, boundary, bounds, bourns, chaplet, circle, circuit, circumscription, circus, closed circle, compass, confines, coordinates, corona, coronet,… … Moby Thesaurus
circumference — cir•cum•fer•ence [[t]sərˈkʌm fər əns[/t]] n. 1) math. the outer boundary, esp. of a circular area; perimeter: The circumference of a circle is equal to π times the diameter[/ex] 2) math. the length of such a boundary • Etymology: 1350–1400; ME… … From formal English to slang
circumference — The outer boundary, especially of a circular area. SYN: circumferentia [TA]. [L. circumferentia, a bearing around] articular c. of head of radius [TA] the portion of the head of the radius that articulates with the radial notch of the … Medical dictionary
circumference — cirÂ·cumÂ·ferÂ·ence || sÉ™ kÊŒmfÉ™rÉ™ns n. outer boundary of a circular area, perimeter … English contemporary dictionary
circumference — n perimeter, periphery, edge, rim, fringe, verge, skirt; circuit, compass, ambit, margin, frame, outline, confine, confines; brink, brow, brim, hem; bound, limit, bourn, pale, extremity, termination; limits, city limits, outer limits; border,… … A Note on the Style of the synonym finder

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